Improving forecasts of volcanic ash concentrations
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Spatial evaluation of volcanic ash forecasts using satellite observations
The decision to close airspace in the event of a volcanic eruption is based on hazard maps of predicted ash extent. These are produced using output from volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models. In this paper the fractions skill score has been used for the first time to evaluate the spatial accuracy of VATD simulations relative to satellite retrievals of volcanic ash. This objective ...
متن کاملHygroscopic Properties of Volcanic Ash
Limited observational data exists on the physical interactions between volcanic ash particles and water vapor; yet it is thought that these interactions can strongly impact the microphysical evolution of ash, with implications for its atmospheric lifetime and transport, as well as formation of water and ice clouds. In this study, we investigate for the first time, the hygroscopic properties of ...
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An open-ended coaxial probe is designed for making permittivity measurements on volcanic ash. Reference liquids such as water and methanol are used for calibrating the probe, whose input admittance is related to the complex permittivity by Marcuvitz integral. The reflection coefficient of the probe in the presence of volcanic ash samples from Etna volcano, Italy, is measured from 1 to 15 GHz an...
متن کاملMinerals in Volcanic Ash 1: Primary Minerals and Volcanic Glass
Volcanic ash is fragments of magma, and consists of minerals and volcanic glass. These materials in the ash can provide important information on the nature of the magma, because chemical compositions of magma usually show distinct features in each volcano, and because assemblages and compositions of minerals reflect their host melt. Using assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals and gl...
متن کاملQuantitative Shape Measurements of Distal Volcanic Ash
Large-scale volcanic eruptions produce fine ash (< 200 μm) which has a long atmospheric residence time (1 hour or more) and can be transported great distances from the volcanic source, thus, becoming a hazard to aircraft and public health. Ash particles have irregular shapes, so data on particle shape, size, and terminal velocities are needed to understand how the irregular-shaped particles aff...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0096-3941
DOI: 10.1029/2012eo120016